Introduction to window 7

Introduction to Windows Seven
Windows
Windows is a family of operating systems developed by Microsoft Corporation for personal computers Windows dominates the personal computer world, running, by some estimates, on 90% of all personal computers. Windows provides a graphical user interface (GUI), virtual memory management, multitasking, and support for many peripheral devices. The name windows comes form the basic function of the operating system, it lets you look into your computer, just like looking through a window.
Windows Seven
Microsoft introduced Windows Seven to much fanfare. It represents an evolution from Windows Vista and includes many new features and system requirements. With those new features comes some new complexity - and combined with Microsoft Office 2007 - a new understanding of how everything works together. Seven is the biggest change in the GUI in years and learning some of the time saving techniques will help you be more productive with the new Operating System. Windows SEVEN helps you organize all of the files and programs within your computer. Think of Windows as a large paper filing cabinet. Within you filing cabinet, you have hanging files labeled in a logical order. Within those hanging files, you have manila file folders that contain sub-sets of information. Windows allows you to accomplish the same system in an electronic format. You can open, sort, move print, rename, find or delete files easily. In addition to managing your files, folders, and applications, Windows has much more to offer.
What is Aero?
The AERO interface, which stands for Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open, gives users a crisp new graphical user interface in Windows Seven. The Windows Flip and Flip 3D options are only available under the AERO interface and allow for easier access to open information on your desktop. To see these functions in action, click the ALT + Tab key combination to shuffle through the Live thumbnails of your open applications.
Logging On to a Seven Station
1. In the User name text box, type your username
HINT: This is the same as your email username.
2. In the Password text box, type your password
EXAMPLE: 2pa$s_worLd
3. Click the LOG ON button
OR Press [Enter]
You are logged in and the Windows Seven desktop appears.
Opening Programs
Programs are available through the Start menu and are arranged in folders based on the type of program, such as Microsoft Office or Graphics & Web Design.
1. From the Start menu, select All Programs » select the desired category
A list of available programs appears.
2. From the list of programs, select the desired program
The selected program opens.
Closing Programs
Closing programs before logging off helps protect your data and is strongly recommended. The following instructions will work with most Windows programs.
1. If necessary, save your work
For information on saving your work
2. Click CLOSE
Protecting Your Workstation and Data
If you are leaving your computer for a short time, recommends that you lock your workstation. This helps prevent unauthorized access and modification to your data or files. Locking your workstation prevents anyone from using your station, but your programs will remain running for quick access when you return to your computer.
Logging Off a Seven Station
Remember to log off your workstation when you are finished using it. Failure to log off can result in unauthorized access or modifications to your data and files.
1. From the Start menu click MORE  select Log Off, You are logged off.
Changing Passwords
Your password provides important security for your files. While you are required to change it annually, it is recommended that you change it more frequently.
Requirements
• Passwords must be changed at least once every academic year
• Passwords must be at least 8 characters long
• Passwords must include at least 3 of the following:
o At least one uppercase letter: A-Z
o At least one lowercase letter: a-z
o At least one digit: 0-9
o At least one special character: ~ ` @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) + = \ | [ ] { } ? < >
. Changing Your Password
1. Press [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Delete]
2. Click CHANGE A PASSWORD...
The Change Password screen appears.
3. In the Old password text box, type your current password
4. In the New password text box, type your desired new password
5. In the Confirm password text box, retype your new password
6. Click OK Your password is now changed.
Recommendations
• Do not share your password with others
• Do not write down your password
• Do not choose a word or phrase that is commonly known about you
Working with Files
Working with files is an important part of managing documents in Windows Seven.
• Selecting Multiple Files
• Copying Files
• Moving Files
• Renaming Files
• Deleting Files
• Working with the Recycle Bin
Working with the Sidebar
The Windows Seven Sidebar is a vertical section of the desktop in which a user can display frequently used tools, called Gadgets. Gadgets include clocks, calendars, news feeds, and other helpful objects that allow you to easily access information and personalize your desktop. HINT: The Windows Seven default settings allow the Sidebar to appear on the desktop upon first using Seven. However, if you are unable to see the Sidebar, from the Taskbar, simply click on the Sidebar icon to make it appear.
• Accessing Sidebar Properties
• Working with Gadgets
• Adding Gadgets to the Sidebar
• Removing Gadget
Accessing Sidebar Properties
In order to make changes to the Sidebar, must first access the Sidebar properties.
Accessing Sidebar Properties: Start Menu Option
1. From the Start menu, select Control Panel
The Control Panel appears.
2. Click APPEARANCE AND PERSONALIZATION
The Appearance and Personalization options appear.
3. Click WINDOWS SIDEBAR PROPERTIES
The Windows Sidebar Properties dialog box appears.
Accessing Sidebar Properties: Right Click Option
1. Right click anywhere in a blank part of the Sidebar frame » select Properties
The Windows Sidebar Properties dialog box appears.
Working with Gadgets
The Windows Seven default settings place three gadgets on the Sidebar: the Clock, the Slide Show, and the News Feed. Each of these gadgets has two buttons: a close button and an options button. When you pass your cursor over the gadget, the two buttons appear at the top right corner. The Options button is available only with gadgets that require specific information to operate.
Adding Gadgets to the Sidebar
Your Sidebar will contain only default gadgets until you personalize it. Seven has a selection of gadgets already installed on your computer. You can search for and install more gadgets at the Windows Seven Gadget Gallery.
1. Right click anywhere in a blank part of the Sidebar frame » select Add Gadgets...
OR click GADGETS The Gadget Gallery appears.
2. To add a gadget to the sidebar, double click the gadget
Moving Gadgets
To change the vertical order of your gadgets, simply click on the desired gadget's handle and drag it to the desired location. You can also drag a gadget to your desktop.
Removing Gadgets
You can easily remove gadgets when you no longer find a need for them. However, removing them from the Sidebar is not the same as uninstalling them from your computer.
Removing Gadgets from the Sidebar
Removing a gadget from the Sidebar does not remove it from the Gadget Gallery.
1. In the Sidebar, pass your cursor over the desired gadget
2. Click CLOSE. The gadget is removed from the Sidebar.
Capturing Images
Windows Seven provides a program for capturing images on your computer screen. This program is the Snipping Tool which provides different ways to capture images depending on your needs.
Accessing the Snipping Tool
The Snipping Tool application is available from the Start menu, in Accessories.
1. On the Taskbar, click STARTselect All Programs » Accessories » Snipping Tool
The screen fades slightly and the Snipping Tool opens.
Capturing Images
The Snipping Tool provides four ways to capture images: Free-Form Snip, Rectangular Snip, Window Snip, or Full-screen Snip. Before choosing which option to use, consider the image you want to capture. Selecting the right snip for your image will make using the Snipping Tool quicker and easier. Capturing Images: Snip
The Free-Form Snip provides a pen with which you create the borders of your snip with the precision of your mouse. This snipping option allows for abstract shapes and nonlinear images
1. Access the Snipping Tool
2. From the New Snip pull-down menu , select Free-Form Snip
Your cursor changes to the shape of a scissors.
3. Click and drag the mouse along the border of your image
4. When finished, release the mouse button
The image is captured and the Snipping Tool dialog box refreshes to display its editing screen.
5. To recapture the image,
a. Click NEW SNIP
b. Repeat steps 3-4
6. OPTIONAL: Mark or highlight the captured image
7. To save the image,
a. Click SAVE SNIP
The Save As dialog box appears.
b. In the File name text box, type a name for your image
c. In the Save as type text box, select the desired file type
d. Navigate to the desired save location
e. Click SAVE. The image is saved
. Labeling Snips
Once you have captured your image, you can mark up or highlight the image.
• Marking Snips
• Highlighting Snips
• Erasing Markings and Highlighting
Marking Snips
After you have captured an image, you can mark the image before you save it.
1. Access the Snipping Tool
2. Capture your image
3. Click PEN » select the desired pen color
4. In the editing window, click and drag the mouse
The markings appear.
EXAMPLE:
Highlighting Snips
After you have captured an image, you can highlight the image before you save it.
1. Access the Snipping Tool
2. Capture your image
3. Click HIGHLIGHTER
4. In the editing window, click and drag the mouse. The highlighting appears.
EXAMPLE: Erasing Markings and Highlighting
The Eraser tool removes marks and highlighting. You can erase anytime after the snip is marked or highlighted.
NOTE: The Eraser tool does not erase from the captured image. The tool is exclusive to markings and highlighting.
1. Access the Snipping Tool
2. Capture your image
3. Click ERASER Your cursor changes to an eraser.
HINTS:
The cursor point of your eraser is at the lower left tip.
The eraser removes one full stroke at a time.
4. Click a pen or highlighter mark. The mark is erased.
The Windows Explorer Environment
Windows Explorer is used to manage files, folders, and drives. It can be used to create folders for storing information, rearrange files or folders, locate files or folders, and delete files or folders that are no longer needed. Windows Explorer also provides functions for burning CDs and mapping network drives, as well as a variety of other file management tools. This document describes many of the components of the Windows Explorer dialog box and provides you with descriptions of the different functions found on the toolbar.
Opening Windows Explorer
There are several options for accessing Windows Explorer on campus computers, including the right click option and the Start menu option.
• Right Click Option
• Start Menu Option
• Creating a Shortcut Option
The Windows Explorer Window
This section describes the various parts of the window and their respective purposes.

Terms The terms file, folder, and path are key words to know when working with Windows Explorer.
File: -A file is a single document that is saved to a diskette or hard-drive.
Folder: -A folder is where files are stored.
Path: -A path is the line of folders you must follow to locate a specific file; it begins with the drive designation and includes the folders. For example, c:\data\reports\status.doc is a file named status.doc that is on the C: drive and is in the reports subfolder of the data folder.
File Naming Conventions
About Long Filenames
Windows Seven supports long file names so you can have up to 255 characters including spaces. When naming your files, you can use all of the alphabetic characters, numeric characters, and spaces. The only characters you may not use are control characters (characters that require a keyboard combination to create) and the characters \ / : * ? " < >
Windows Control Panel
The Control Panel has a new look and feel to it which can be switched to classic view for those who are more comfortable with that style. The majority of the computer system functionality can be accessed from the Control Panel. It enables users to administer user accounts, security settings, system maintenance, network and the internet, hardware and software, programs, and the Ease of Access settings.

System and Maintenance
The System and Maintenance options allow users to create a backup schedule, view the System settings, including RAM and Processor speeds, control Windows Update, adjust the Power Options, configure the Index Options for the system search functionality, review Problem Reports and Solutions, evaluate system performance, administer device settings, and run Administrative tools. The administration and adjustments to these features allow users to create an up to date operating system and to remove, add, and adjust any performance features. User Accounts and Family Safety
The Parental Controls are housed under this heading, along with User account access controls. Another new feature to Windows Seven is the Windows CardSpace.
Security
Under the Security option, many elements reside that secure the connection to the Internet, provide spyware protection, virus protection, firewall access, and user account creation.
Appearance and Personalization
Windows Seven allows for many elements of the look and feel to change for individual user preference. It can be as trimmed down graphically as you like, or as flashy as you desire.
Network and Internet
We explore networking and internet settings in this head.
Clock Language and Region
The options to modify system time, set the region, and language for the operating system reside under this control panel applet.
Hardware and Sound
The peripherals attached to the computer, sideshow, keyboard, mouse, pen tool, and many other hardware features can be accessed through this option in the Control Panel. If you have a sound card, then the options for that card will appear under this header.
Ease of Access
The customization for disabilities is available with this tool. A user can magnify or narrate text, and customize their contrast settings for easier access.
Programs
The installed programs for the computer appear under this header. The list populates with available programs and allows users to install, remove, or modify existing installed programs. Windows also offers downloaded software through their Marketplace.
Installing Applications
The process of installing applications has been streamlined in Windows Seven. The software can either be installed from disk or by downloading the software. Software installed must be installed by the administrator, unless other users have installation rights on the computer.
• Installing Software from the Internet
• Installing Software from Disk
Use of General Tools of Windows Seven
Ms Paint
Paint (formerly Paintbrush for Windows) is a simple graphics painting program that has been included with all versions of Microsoft Windows. It is often referred to as MS Paint or Microsoft Paint. The first version of Paint was introduced with the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0. It was later renamed to Paintbrush in Windows 3.0, but the name was changed back to Paint in Windows 95 and later.
In Windows Seven, the toolbar icons and default colour palette have been changed. Also, an increased number of undo levels to 10 times, a zoom slider, and a crop function have been added. This version saves as .jpg by default, which can dramatically impact the overall quality of an image, especially after multiple saves of the file due to its method of compression.

HTML

HTML & The Internet
The Internet (sometimes called “the Net” for short) is a network of computers linked together. It started in 1969 as a US military experiment to share computer resources more efficiently. Later, it was expanded to include colleges and research facilities.
Today, the Net has grown into a massive public broadcast medium. It is an international network of mixed computer technology with more than 600 million users using several different computer languages called protocols. HTML is one the most common and popular protocol.
Where Did HTML Come From?
In March of 1989, 20 years after the Internet was “born,” Tim Berners-Lee, a computer scientist at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland published a paper titled Information Management: A Proposal. In it, he suggested a way of managing information by linking related documents and having them all available over a computer network so physicists could share research results with each other. At the time, SGML, or Standard Generalized Markup Language, was the standard format for large-scale documents accessed by researchers using computers. As more computers were networked, more documents were put online in SGML format, but SGML was unwieldy and difficult to use. HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, combined the wide acceptance of SGML with ease of use. Instead of many commands, HTML used only a small subset, making it easier to learn.
What was truly different about HTML, however, was the concept of links, or references to other documents. Each SGML document was designed to stand alone, but HTML documents are designed to refer to other documents.
These references can appear in any web page on any site, and are not limited to references to the same site. This crisscrossing of references makes the World Wide Web a web, and because of its ability to link documents, HTML became the basic language of the Web.
The Web Development Cycle
Each document produced in HTML is considered to be one web page …no matter how long or short it is. An entire group of web pages collected at one location is called a web site (or just “site” for short.)
There are four major stages in the web development cycle:
1. Planning — Writing a web page is simple, however, if you want to create a good site, you will need to put some planning into it. You need to decide what you want to say, organize your thoughts, research what you want it to look like and decide what should be linked to what. This should all be done in the planning stage.
2. Creating — After the web site is planned, you need to write the text and format it with HTML commands. You will also need to gather or create the graphics you will use in your site.
3. Testing — After each page is created, you will need to test it on one or more different browsers to make sure it looks and acts like you want it to. You can do the initial testing off-line, on your computer and correct any mistakes before you publish.
4. Publishing —Publishing a web site is similar to publishing a book…you make it available to anyone who wants to see it by uploading, or moving your finished page (or pages) from your computer to a web server. A web server is simply a computer whose job it is to send the file to any computer asking to look at it. In creating complicated web pages, it's not unusual for the web page creator to write part of the page, test it, and then write more. The writing and testing stages of the web development cycle usually take the most amount of time.
Elements of Web Pages
Windows Elements
The title of Webpage is the text that appears on the title bar of the browser window when the webpage appears.The title ,which usually the first element you see ,should identify and briefly explain the page’s contents or pupose of visitors.
The body of webpage contains the information that is displayed in browser window.The body can include text,graphics and other elements.
Text Elements
Normal Text is the default text format used for main contents of Web page at the most basic level, every Web page is a text document. A text document is a file that contains words, letters, and numbers with or without any formatting.
Headings are the large font size than normal text and often are bold or italic or different color than normal text. Image Elements
You can use logos, graphical text, or images and WordArt to add a professional look to your Web pages. Web page uses three types of files as images: GIF, JPEG, and PNP. The last major “technical” Web graphics consideration is file size, which is directly related to download speeds
Hyperlink Elements.
One of more important elements of Web page is hyperlink, or link .A Link is text, an image or another Web page element that you click to instruct the browser to go to a location in a file or to request a file from server. Text links are also called hypertext links are mostly used hyperlinks.
Tags
What makes HTML documents different than ordinary ones is that formatting commands are written into the file. These commands, called tags, tell the browser how to display the document.
You can think of a browser as an obedient, very bright, but very literal, child. It will do what you say exactly the way you say to do it. It “knows how” to do many complicated things, but you must tell it explicitly to do something or the results will not be what you think they should be. You can tell which words are tags in HTML because they have angle brackets around them, < >. Angle brackets look like “less than” and “greater than” signs. These brackets tell your web browser to use these commands to interpret and display your page.
The angle brackets are followed by the name of the tag itself. While most browsers do not "see" a difference between tags written in uppercase and those written in lowercase, it is considered "good practice" to write your tags in lowercase.
After the tag and within the angle brackets you may find information that modifies the tag or gives specific information that the browser needs to execute the tag. This information is called an attribute. Most tags have a few attributes, many of them optional. Attributes usually need further information, called values. Values can be numerical (percentages or measurements) or a specific set of words (“left,” “right,” or “center.”) With a few exceptions, values are always surrounded by double quotes.
For nearly every tag, there is an equivalent closing tag. Closing tags tell the browser when to stop doing something. For example, the closing paragraph tag tells the browser where the end of the paragraph is.
Closing tags consist of the angular brackets, a backslash and the tag itself. You do not need to include the attributes and their values in a closing tag.
As the web has grown and matured, some of the tags have been replaced by other means of doing the same thing. The older tags still work, but the newer tags are preferred. Therefore, the World Web Web Consortium (or W3C) labels those older tags deprecated.
In earlier version of HTML, web designers were strongly encouraged to write tags in all capitals so the HTML formatting would stand out from the content. Current convention is the opposite: all tags, attributes, and values should in lowercase.
Whichever way you choose to write your tags, you must be consistent. Some browsers will not recognize a closing tag in all capitals as being related to an opening tag in lowercase.
< p align= "center" >
opening bracket tag value attribute closing bracket
< / p > opening bracket backslash tag closing bracket
Document Tags
The first tag that appears in any web page document is the opening HTML tag, . This tells the browser to interpret everything after it as HTML. When you have finished writing the contents of the page, signal the browser that the HTML contents of the document is complete by using the closing HTML tag, . Anything you put after the tag will not be shown by the browser.
The next tag in most web page document is the opening head tag, . The head of an HTML document contains information used by other computers. Like the tag, you will not actually see the results of the tag with one exception: the title.
Every web page needs to have a title to identify it to users. This title appears at the top of the screen but not actually on it. The opening title tag, tells the browser to stop putting words in that bar.
When using the title tag, remember to keep the title as short as possible but be as specific as you can. Remember, these words may be used in by other sites and bookmarks your visitors make while at your site to describe your page.

The opening and closing HTML tag surround the text you wish browsers to interpret as HTML.

The opening and closing head tag surround the text that provides information for the computers accessing your site.

Text surrounded by the opening and closing title tags appears in the top bar of the browser.
The opening body tag, , signals the browser that what follows should appear in the main part of the browser screen. All the words, graphics and image tags will appear in this section of your document. The closing body tag is .
Comments
You may find that you need to make notes to yourself, or leave information for anyone else who may be editing your web page in the future. You can do this using comment tags.
The opening comment tag is an opening bracket, followed by an exclamation mark and two dashes, . Like the opening comment tag, the closing comment tag seems to be missing a bracket. This is because, technically, all the text between the opening and closing brackets is included in "one big tag."

You can make as many lines of comments as you like between the opening and closing comment tags, the browsers will ignore everything between them.

Surround your comments with the opening and closing comment tags.
Creating a Web Page
1. Open your text editor (Probably Notepad) .
2. Type the following lines of code into your document:

3. Move your cursor to the blank line between the opening and closing HTML tags.
4. Type
5. Move your cursor to the line after the comment in the head section.
6. Type .
7. Move your cursor to the line after the comment in the body section.
8. Type Welcome to my first web page.
9. Save your document as first.html. (This should be save as a plain text file.)

10. Open your browser.
11. Under the File pull-down menu, choose Open File.
12. You should see a dialogue box with a list of files.
13. Select your file, first.html .
14. Your file should open on the screen.
Test Results
The saved code document should look like this:

The saved Web document should look like this
.
. Possible errors:
• If you can see any of the comments on the screen, you may have forgotten to include the exclamation point in the beginning of the comment tag.
• If the text has not appeared in the title bar, you may have forgotten to use the closing title tag.
The Attributes of Body Tag

Attribute	Description	Value Example
BgColor	Specifies the background color of a document/Web Page, Use the common color name, or use the RGB color code #000000 to #ffffff , First two Zero for RED Next Two Zero for Green And Last to Zero for Blue , color intensity.	BGCOLOR=“Green” BGCOLOR=#45FF00
background	Specifies a background image for a document	Background=”C:\images\school.jpg”
Text	Specifies the text color of a document/Web Page, Use the common color name, or use the RGB color code #000000 to #ffffff , First two Zero for RED Next Two Zero for Green And Last to Zero for Blue , color intensity.	Text=“Green” Text=#45FF00
link	Specifies the default color of unvisited links of a document/Web Page, Use the common color name, or use the RGB color code #000000 to #ffffff , First two Zero for RED Next Two Zero for Green And Last to Zero for Blue , color intensity.	Link=“Green” Link=#45FF00
alink	Specifies the default color of active links of a document/Web Page, Use the common color name, or use the RGB color code #000000 to #ffffff , First two Zero for RED Next Two Zero for Green	alink=“Green” alink=#45FF00
vlink	Specifies the default color of visited links of a document/Web Page, Use the common color name, or use the RGB color code #000000 to #ffffff , First two Zero for RED Next Two Zero for Green And Last to Zero for Blue , color intensity.	vlink=“Green” vlink=#45FF00

Paragraph Tag

Any text typed into an HTML document without a tag is considered to be a paragraph. If you didn't use any tags at all, all of the content you included in your HTML file would be shown as a single paragraph. To break the content into separate text items, you need to use tags that mark the beginning and ended of each item
In print or on the web, paragraphs are the basic building blocks of a page. They allow you to convey complex ideas requiring description or definition. In print, you have several ways of showing the beginning of a paragraph. You can indent it, leave space between it and the next paragraph, or both, but on the web, the beginning of a paragraph is marked by extra space between it and the preceding paragraph.
To get this space, mark each paragraph using the opening paragraph tag

and when you have finished your paragraph, use the closing paragraph tag,

. The closing tag is optional is most versions of HTML. Using

at the end of each of your paragraphs is a good practice to get into if you plan update your web pages to more advanced versions of HTML in the future. Paragraph Tags

This is paragraph text.

Place an opening paragraph tag at the beginning of each paragraph and a closing paragraph tag at the end.
Each

tag signals the broswer to show extra space between paragraphs

Attribute	Description	Value Example
Align	Specifies the alignment of the text within a paragraph	Left, right , center, justify

Headings:

A heading identifies the text after it and allows visitors to scan your document looking for something that interests them. Headings enable you to organize the content of your page so your visitors can quickly figure out where to go and then go there. Use headings to:
• State the topic of the following text
• Indicate the scope and purpose of the following text
• Signal a break between topics
• Divide the content into smaller sections
In addition, some web designers use heading tags to highlight text since these tags tell the browser to make the text following the tags large and bold. Heading Tags

This is a heading.

Use the same level opening and closing heading tag.
HTML provides six levels of headings. The largest is h1. The smallest is h6. If you want your heading to be the largest possible, as for a chapter title, use the first heading tag, h1 . For less prominent headings, like section headings or subheads, use the next tag, h2 and so on.
At the end of your heading text, you must use the appropriate closing tag. The closing tag is the almost identical to the opening tags except it has with a backslash after the opening angle bracket. For example, if you have a level 1 heading, h1 the closing tag will also be a level 1, /h1 .
Remember, in order for a heading to be most effective, keep headings relevant and on one line